Robotics Project Hub

Learning guides / Start from the mechanism

Robotics tutorials for understanding, not memorizing

Focused guides that connect the theory to a real algorithm, circuit decision, or interactive simulator. Each one is self-contained and links to the lab where you can try it.

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Algorithms 2Arduino 4Autonomy 3Calibration 3Computer Vision 1Control Systems 3Electronics 1Encoders 2ESP32 1Filtering 1Kinematics 2Middleware 1Mobile Robots 3Motion Planning 1Motor Control 1Navigation 1Obstacle Avoidance 1Odometry 3OpenCV 1Path Planning 2PID 2Pose Estimation 1PWM 1Robot Software 2ROS 1ROS 2 3Sensors 5SLAM 1State Machines 1TF2 1Tuning 1

Intermediate · 21 min read

A* Path Planning on an Occupancy Grid

Build and validate an A* grid planner with safe heuristics, obstacle inflation, and route reconstruction.

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Intermediate · 22 min read

Camera Calibration and ArUco Pose with OpenCV

Calibrate camera intrinsics, validate reprojection error, and estimate an ArUco marker's 3D pose.

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Beginner · 18 min read

Control DC Motors with PWM and an H-Bridge

Wire and control a brushed DC motor safely using PWM, an H-bridge, and realistic current limits.

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Intermediate · 20 min read

Differential-Drive Odometry from Wheel Encoders

Integrate left and right wheel motion into a mobile robot pose, then identify and calibrate drift.

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Beginner · 17 min read

Finite-State Machines for Robot Behavior

Replace tangled robot conditionals with explicit states, events, transitions, timeouts, and recovery.

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Beginner · 17 min read

Read Quadrature Encoders for Distance and Speed

Turn quadrature encoder pulses into reliable wheel direction, distance, and velocity measurements.

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Beginner · 19 min read

ROS 2 Nodes, Topics, Services, and Actions

Choose the right ROS 2 communication pattern and inspect how nodes exchange robot data and commands.

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Intermediate · 20 min read

ROS 2 TF2 Coordinate Frames for Mobile Robots

Build and debug a TF2 frame tree from map and odom through the robot base to each sensor.

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Intermediate · 21 min read

SLAM, Mapping, Localization, and Odometry Drift

Connect odometry, range sensing, mapping, localization, scan matching, drift, and loop closure.

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Beginner · 18 min read

Ultrasonic vs Time-of-Flight Robot Sensors

Choose, mount, calibrate, and test ultrasonic or time-of-flight sensors for obstacle detection.

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Advanced · 22 min read

Inverse Kinematics of a Two-Link Robot Arm

Why a two-link arm has two solutions, where it can and cannot reach, and what a singularity really is.

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Beginner · 18 min read

How to Tune a PID Controller: A Practical Guide

A hands-on order for tuning P, I, and D gains without the guesswork—and how to try each step live.

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Beginner · 20 min read

Build a Line Follower Robot: Sensors to PID Steering

From IR reflectance sensors to a weighted error to smooth PID steering—how a line follower actually works.

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Intermediate · 16 min read

Flood Fill Maze Solving for Micromouse Robots

How flood fill turns a partly-known maze into a distance field a robot can descend to the goal.

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Beginner · 17 min read

Sensor Noise, Bias, and Filtering in Robotics

Noise vs bias vs drift, choosing a filter without over-smoothing, and what sensor fusion can and cannot do.

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Every project guide includes theory, a real algorithm, downloadable diagrams, a component checklist, and an interactive simulator.

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