Tag
Control Systems tutorials
11 tutorials tagged Control Systems.
Beginner · 20 min read
Build a Line Follower Robot: Sensors to PID Steering
From IR reflectance sensors to a weighted error to smooth PID steering—how a line follower actually works.
Read tutorial →Beginner · 18 min read
How to Tune a PID Controller: A Practical Guide
A hands-on order for tuning P, I, and D gains without the guesswork—and how to try each step live.
Read tutorial →Intermediate · 25 min
Cross-Track Error: Measuring How Well You Follow
One signed distance tells you everything about a path follower — including which one to use.
Read tutorial →Intermediate · 30 min
Pure Pursuit: Following a Path With One Knob
Aim at a point ahead on the path and drive the arc that reaches it. That is the whole algorithm.
Read tutorial →Intermediate · 25 min
Stopping at an Edge: Latency and Braking Distance
How far a robot travels past the line it just saw, and the speed that makes it fit.
Read tutorial →Beginner · 30 min
Why delay() Breaks Robots: Timing With millis()
A robot sitting in delay() is blind. Replace it with millis(), and get the rollover comparison right.
Read tutorial →Intermediate · 40 min
Motion Profiles: Trapezoidal and S-Curve Acceleration
Ramp a move instead of commanding it — trapezoidal profiles, jerk limits, and what S-curve actually costs.
Read tutorial →Advanced · 2 hours
Cascaded PID Control for a Self-Balancing Robot
Two nested PID loops: one holds the tilt angle, one asks for a lean so the robot can go somewhere.
Read tutorial →Intermediate · 1 hour
Complementary Filter: Fusing Accelerometer and Gyro Data
Fuse a noisy accelerometer with a drifting gyro into one trustworthy tilt angle, in a single line of code.
Read tutorial →Intermediate · 1.5 hours
Wall Following and Precise Turns for a Maze Robot
Stay centred between walls, and turn exactly 90° — the two skills a maze robot lives or dies by.
Read tutorial →Beginner · 17 min read
Finite-State Machines for Robot Behavior
Replace tangled robot conditionals with explicit states, events, transitions, timeouts, and recovery.
Read tutorial →